Publications

Landmark papers and key reviews that built the canon: Rappaport 1954, Brunt 1999, Kleiner 2005, and the 2026 spatial multiomics atlas.

2026-09-09 · PubMed
Triple stain reticulin/glypican-3/glutamine synthetase for liver lesions

Triple stain panel differentiates HCC, hepatic adenoma, and FNH on biopsy. Reticulin is the architectural anchor; GPC3 and GS add immunohistochemical specificity.

2026-09-09 · PubMed
Special stains in diagnostic liver pathology (Lefkowitch 2006)

Foundational review of trichrome, reticulin, PAS, iron, and copper stains in liver pathology. The primary bench reference.

2026-09-09 · PubMed
Reticulin loss in benign fatty liver: diagnostic pitfall for HCC (Singhi 2012)

Non-neoplastic fatty liver can show reticulin loss mimicking HCC; critical caveat for using reticulin alone. Foundational pitfall paper.

2026-09-09 · PubMed
HCC biopsies with no reticulin loss: diagnostic pitfall (2020)

Rare HCCs retain reticulin; reticulin alone should not be the sole criterion; glypican-3 and Ki-67 required in equivocal cases.

2026-09-09 · AASLD
Liver Biopsy Interpretation: Special Stains (core series)

Reference panel for diagnostic liver pathology: trichrome, reticulin, PAS, PAS-D, iron, rhodanine/orcein; use cases and interpretation.

2026-09-09 · PubMed
Portal inflammation in MASLD: should it be part of necroinflammatory grading?

Head-to-head debate on whether portal inflammation belongs in MASLD activity scoring; NASH CRN system currently does not include portal component.

2026-09-09 · PubMed
Conducting the Orchestra: Nonparenchymal Cells Direct Hepatocyte Functions in Steatotic Liver Disease

HSCs, Kupffer cells, LSECs, and cholangiocytes direct hepatocyte metabolism in MASLD; hepatocyte pathology cannot be read in isolation from its stromal context.

2026-09-09 · PubMed
Extended hepatocyte ballooning score: histologic classification and clinical significance

Extends the standard 0-2 ballooning score with subcategories; improves interobserver agreement among hepatopathologists; validates clinical significance for NASH staging.

2026-09-09 · PubMed
Liver regeneration: cytokine regulation targeting hepatocytes and beyond

Comprehensive review: regeneration is orchestrated via inflammatory priming, complement activation, mechanosensory signaling, metabolic reprogramming. Not a simple proliferative response.

2026-09-09 · PubMed
Polyploid hepatocytes in liver regeneration

Reviews the role of polyploidization in the regenerative response; polyploid hepatocytes re-enter mitosis and contribute progeny during regeneration.

2026-09-09 · PubMed
Road map for primary hepatocyte qualification in human liver organ models

Includes detailed morphologic criteria for qualifying hepatocytes in organ-on-chip models; source of quantitative ultrastructural benchmarks.

2026-09-09 · PubMed
The Hepatocyte Expansion Paradox: In Vitro Challenges and Advances

Includes phase-contrast and fluorescence images of hepatocyte morphology in 2D vs 3D culture; useful for comparing in vitro and in vivo appearances.

2026-09-09 · PubMed
A brief guide to isolating primary hepatocytes from mice

Step-by-step collagenase perfusion protocol for murine primary hepatocyte isolation; covers viability assessment, plating density, and common failure modes.

2026-09-10 · PubMed
Multilayered clearance concept: a membrane-resolved flux framework for drug metabolism

Review proposing that hepatic clearance for UGTs and carboxylesterases, whose active sites face the ER lumen, is limited by transport across intracellular membranes, not just enzyme activity. A framework, not yet tested.

2026-09-10 · PubMed
Liver organoids: modelling complexity in homeostasis and disease

Review of liver organoid systems that add non-hepatocyte cell types, maturation and architecture, and what they still lack as models of homeostasis, metabolic disease and cancer.

2026-09-11 · PubMed
Hepatocyte Plasticity in Liver Health and Disease: Zonation, Regeneration, Lineage Conversion, and Hepatic Malignancy

Review proposing hepatocyte plasticity as an integrative framework linking zonation, regeneration, lineage conversion, and oncogenesis; covers the molecular switches that allow hepatocytes to shift between fates under injury and disease. Review.

2026-09-13 · PubMed
Proteomic characterization of human kinases across tissue types: Implications for kinase-activated drugs

Quantified 364 kinases including 23 drug-metabolizing kinases in human liver S9 (n=50), kidney, lung, intestine, and primary hepatocytes (n=8); four kinases detected across all types; tissue-to-plasma ratios show most plasma kinases derive from shedding. Human; multi-tissue proteomics.

2026-09-13 · PubMed
Application of human liver cell models in drug development and toxicity studies: The role of membrane transporters

Review comparing primary hepatocytes, tumor-derived lines (HepG2 etc.), and iPSC-derived spheroids/organoids as in vitro models; emphasizes membrane transporter expression as the key gap, with iPSC organoids as the emerging gold standard. Review.

2026-09-13 · PubMed
Aging effect on 2-acetamidofluorene response in the repeated-dose rat-liver micronucleus assay

RDLMN assay with weak genotoxin 2-AAF shows comparable micronucleus induction at 6 and 8 weeks of age; PCNA and Ki-67 validated as hepatocyte proliferation indicators; supports OECD integration of the liver micronucleus protocol. Rat; single study.

2026-09-13 · AASLD
Liver biopsy interpretation: special stains (pathology pearls)

Review of special histochemical stains used in liver biopsy interpretation: reticulin (architecture), trichrome (fibrosis), copper (Wilson), PAS-diastase (glycogen/alpha-1-antitrypsin), iron (hemosiderosis); practical guide for hepatocyte pathology assessment.