CYP3A4 drug clearance twin
hepatocyte, alive: the cell keeps working while you watch. Every motion runs at a rate from a source, and the panel below drives it.
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Control panel
One hepatocyte, alive: glycogen fills and empties on a measured feeding cycle, CYP3A4 clears substrate, bile leaves at the canaliculus, and a hepatectomy rebuilds the cell. The budget bar below is the CYP3A4 intrinsic clearance.
CYP3A4 CLint per gram liver
271 uL/min/g24.7 to 2,148 uL/min/g across the sourced ranges. No sourced capacity for this quantity, so the bar places this cell between the smallest and the largest the sourced ranges allow.
Intrinsic hepatic clearance per gram of liver; the product the hepatocyte population delivers to a pharmacokinetic model. Sustained by CYP3A4 enzyme density and substrate affinity.
Inputs
15 to 82 pmol/min · human hepatocytes, cryopreserved · luminescent LIPA substrate assay with ketoconazole CYP3A4 confirmation · Li AP 2009 Drug Metab Dispos · source
Vmax 41 pmol/min per million hepatocytes; thin: single batch; slider spans a 2-fold range around the reported value
5 to 45 uM · human hepatocytes, cryopreserved · Michaelis-Menten fit of LIPA metabolism time course · Li AP 2009 Drug Metab Dispos · source
apparent Km 15 uM for LIPA in human hepatocytes; slider covers the range where competitive inhibitors raise apparent Km 3-fold
74 to 131 million/g · human liver, multiple donors · meta-analysis of cell isolation studies · Barter ZE et al. 2007 Curr Drug Metab · source
weighted geometric mean 99 million cells per gram liver (95% CI 74-131)
1 to 100 uM · human hepatocytes, cryopreserved · Michaelis-Menten fit of LIPA metabolism time course · Li AP 2009 Drug Metab Dispos · source
apparent Km 15 uM; slider spans 1-100 uM covering sub-Km through saturating concentrations, matching the assay's reported substrate range
1 to 2 x baseline · MOUSE, cannulated bile duct · bile collection, cMoat/mrp2 transporter induction by 2,4,5-T herbicide · Wielandt AM 1999 Biochem J · source
control arm 1.13 ul/min/g (factor 1.0); herbicide arm 2.23 ul/min/g (factor ~1.97); slider covers the measured range
7.6 to 9.1 % · HUMAN, perfusion-fixed biopsy · scanning electron microscopy with Texture Analysing System (TAS); n=13 normal biopsies · Horn T 1986, Liver · source
verbatim: 'Increasing porosity towards the terminal hepatic vein was found (9.1% in zone 3 vs. 7.6% in zone 1 (p less than 0.05))'; density 19.2 per um2 in zone 1, 23.5 per um2 in zone 3; slider spans the measured zonal gradient
Readouts
Withheld
Sources
Research use only. Every number here is geometry on published ranges, not a measurement of any individual.
Substances tested 10
All substances →Every row rests on a PubMed abstract read in full by hepato.site on 2026-09-13. A dose not stated in the abstract is written as such and never guessed. Doses were read off the abstract by hand rather than taken from the extracted rows, because the sweep's list handling was wrong until extractor 1.7 and a solidus fraction is still parsed as its denominator, so "1/2 mg/kg" reads as 2 mg/kg. Research reference, not medical advice.
Public datasets 10
Public datasets bearing on the hepatocyte. Titles are reproduced exactly as GEO returns them, including GEO's own ALL CAPS for GSE126848 and GSE135251 and its double space in the GSE89632 title, so a reader can match this file against the record character for character. The seven GEO series were selected from 334 distinct accessions found in the 167,603-abstract sweep, on the criterion that the subject is human liver parenchyma rather than a single pathway. The three EMPIAR volumes did NOT come from that count: they came from the picture and licence research in work/hepato-site/twin-v2-pictures.md, which is why this file holds ten rows and the 334-minus-327 arithmetic accounts for only seven of them. Every accession, by either route, was resolved at its own endpoint before entering the file. Sample counts are GEO's n_samples field. Where GEO lists several papers for a series, the primary report is cited and a paper_note names the others.